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| The history of Wales begins with the arrival of human beings in the region thousands of years ago. Neanderthals lived in what is now Wales. | |
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| However, continuous habitation by modern humans dates from the period after the end of the last ice age around 9000 BC, and Wales has many remains from the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age | |
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| The Romans, who began their conquest of Britain in AD 43, first campaigned in what is now northeast Wales in 48 against the Deceangli, and gained total control of the region | |
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| A number of kingdoms formed in the area now called Wales in the post-Roman period. | |
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| While the most powerful ruler was acknowledged as King of the Britons | |
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| During the 19th century southeast Wales in particular experienced rapid industrialisation and a dramatic rise in population as a result of the explosion of the coal and iron industries. | |
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